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农村教育现状英文文献(农村小学英语现状分析 参考文献)

admin 2022-05-19教育资讯
来源:环球网(作者:电子科技大学西非研究中心团队,执笔人:吴宇亮【西非漫谈】2022年第七期,总第五十六期。整理:张海琳、孟雅琪(公共管理学院);供稿:电子科技大学西非研究中心团队)一、前言非洲大陆农业发

(三)农业、粮食安全和可持续发展对西非国家影响重大。西非是世界上粮食最不安全的地区之一。气候变化、极端天气和地区安全挑战加剧了负面影响,新冠肺炎疫情对农业、经济、贸易和旅游业产生了前所未有的影响,尤其是乌克兰危机加剧了粮食不安全,这将导致西非国家越来越依赖粮食进口和国际援助。

2003年通过的非洲农业综合发展计划(CAADP)旨在提高非洲大陆的农业生产力,经过近20年时间,CAADP 已为西非农业发展提供了重要支持。但由于种种原因,农业发展仍面临诸多挑战。有专家指出,西非国家迫切需要加快农业转型进程,实施“农业现代化技术和机械化革命”,以实现生产变革、环境保护和脱贫等战略目标。

本文旨在为读者介绍西非农业发展面临的挑战和风险,文章内容参考了世界银行、非洲开发银行、联合国粮食及农业组织等国际组织和机构对西非各国农业可持续发展的分析和报道,特别是冈比亚所做的努力和尝试。

参考文献:

[1] Poverty & Equity Brief The Gambia,October 2020. https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/987B9C90-CB9F-4D93-AE8C-750588BF00QA/SM2020/Global_POVEQ_GMB.pdf

[2] EU funded FAO Project supported “2020–2030 National Cooperative Policy” validated, 2021. https://www.fao.org/gambia/news/detail-events/en/c/1379176/

[3] HUNGER IN THE GAMBIA: A CONTINUOUS FIGHT. https://borgenproject.org/hunger-in-the-gambia/

[4] THE STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD, FAO, 2021. https://www.fao.org/3/cb4474en/cb4474en.pdf

[5] Agriculture and Food, Last Updated: Oct 04, 2021. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview#1

[6] IFAD representative: Africa has benefited a lot from China's rural development experience, 2022. https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202203/25/WS623d8c07a3101c3ee7acd72c.html

[7] 2022 Budget Speech: IMPROVING DOMESTIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND RESILIENCE FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, 2021. https://mofea.gm/directorates/budget

[8] The Gambia: 2022 Approved Budget, THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. https://mofea.gm/directorates/budget

[9] The Gambia: African Development Bank focuses on agricultural value chains in 2021-2025 Country Strategy Paper, 2021. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/gambia-african-development-bank-focuses-agricultural-value-chains-2021-2025-country-strategy-paper-46533

[10] This paragraph is based on a recent 2021 AfDB The Gambia country note. https://www.afdb.org/pt/documents/gambia-assessing-impact-covid-19-gambia-and-spending-needs-2030-sdg-agenda

[11] The Gambia: Review of Ongoing Agricultural Development Efforts, https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/gambia-caadp-brochure-1-review-of-ongoing-agricult-42617.pdf

[12] THE GAMBIA: A LOOK AT AGRICULTURE, February 2019, the World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34341/The-Gambia-A-Look-at-Agriculture.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

[13] The 2020-21 Gambia SDGs survey report, GBoS. https://www.gbosdata.org/downloads/the-202021-gambia-sdgs-survey

[14] West Africa Economic Outlook 2021, AfDB. https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/west-africa-economic-outlook-2021

[15] UNFAO World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/cb4477en.pdf

[16] The Gambia Second Generation National Agricultural Investment Plan-Food and Nutrition Security (GNAIP II-FNS) (2019-2026). https://www.gafspfund.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/7.%20The%20Gambia_Investment%20Plan%20%282019-2026%29_1.pdf

[17] Supplementary Agriculture and Natural Resource (ANR) Policy Final Validated Policy, 2017. https://chm.cbd.int/api/v2013/documents/72F99C09-A17F-497F-7B00-EE38CDE69E5D/attachments/207708/Final%20Validated%20Supplementary%20ANR%20Policy%20V1.pdf

[18] THE GAMBIA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN (GNAIP)2011 - 2015, September 2010. https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/the-gambia-national-agricultural-investment-plan-45377.pdf

[19] Gambia (The)'s Constitution of 1996 with Amendments through 2018. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2018.pdf?lang=en

[20] Climate-Smart Agriculture in The Gambia, 2018, FAO. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ca1673en.pdf

[21] Gambia (The): Country strategic opportunities programme (2019-2024), IFAD. https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/126/docs/EB-2019-126-R-19.pdf

[22] THE CAADP Results Framework (2015 - 2025), AUDA-NEPAD. https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/41425-doc-31250-doc-the_caadp_results_framework_2015-2025_english_edited_1-1.pdf

[23] Gambia (National level), FAOLEX Database. https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC129753/

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